Protein production is a noisy business. No, not the clangs and bangs of the ribosome, but the random fluctuations in the amount of protein produced by specific genes. How does a cell keep this kind of ...

Modulation is the act of translating some low-frequency or baseband signal (voice, music, and data) to a higher frequency. Why do we modulate signals? There are at least two reasons: to allow the ...