The quarks, antiquarks, and gluons of the standard model have a color charge, in addition to all the other properties like mass and electric charge that other particles and antiparticles possess. All ...

The particles that are in an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons The particles that are in protons and neutrons: quarks The four fundamental forces: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force and ...

The Standard Model (SM) was developed in the late 1960s to answer the questions "What is the world made of? What holds the universe together?" It provides an elegant theoretical framework to study ...

The universe is a complex and intricate place. We can move easily through air and yet not through a wall. The sun transmutes one element to another, bathing our planet in warmth and light. Radio waves ...

It’s often said in science that extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. Recent measurements of the mass of the elementary particle known as the W boson provide a useful case study as to ...

QUARKS These particles make up protons, neutrons and a veritable zoo of lesser-known particles. They have never been observed in isolation. Electric charge: +2/3 Mass: 2 MeV Constituent of ordinary ...

Particle physicists hope that the Large Hadron Collider will discover the Higgs boson and the first evidence of physics "beyond the Standard Model". Andy Parker explains how these and other physics ...

If you’ve been a science fan for the last few years, you’re aware of the exciting results to emerge from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which in 2012 found the Higgs boson, the subatomic particle ...