Rate of return represents the percentage net gain or loss of an investment's initial cost over a period of time. The rate of return calculates the percentage change from the beginning to the end of a ...

When investing, especially in stocks, your returns can fluctuate wildly from year to year. For this reason, knowing an asset's return for a single year isn't too helpful when deciding whether or not ...

Low volatility strategies aim to dampen the returns of the parent index from which they are derived. As market performance improved, the relative performance of Low Volatility declined. Over the ...

You don’t need a doctoral degree in finance to calculate your portfolio’s investment returns. A few principles are enough to turn even the most math-phobic people into shrewd investors. While basic ...

Citations: Lyle, Matthew, Charles Wang. 2015. The Cross Section of Expected Holding Period Returns and Their Dynamics: A Present Value Approach. Journal of Financial Economics.