Many applications require a sampling circuit whose output is inverted with regard to the respective sample of an input signal. A simple approach is a cascade of a common noninverting sample-and-hold ...

In the last Circuit VR we looked at some basic op amp circuits in a simulator, including the non-inverting amplifier. Sometimes you want an amplifier that inverts the signal. That is a 5V input ...

The non-inverting amplifier is easily the most popular signal conditioning front end. This configuration is one of the simplest, most basic applications of an op amp. In college circuits courses, ...

Op amps excel at providing many useful and clever solutions to routine or complicated circuit functions. A summing circuit is a perfect example. A summing circuit is typically used in applications ...

The schematic in Figure 1 is a common summing amplifier with multiple inputs and one single-ended output. It is a variation of a standard inverting amplifier. Point X is a virtual ground and is ...

As electronics rely more and more on ICs, subtle details about discrete components get lost because we spend less time designing with them. For example, a relay seems like a simple component, but ...