Fig. 1. Series-connected supercapacitors; also called ultracapacitors, or electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLC). Individual supercapacitors are available from 1Farad to 100s of Farads.

It's vital that MOSFET power-switch drivers be protected from a reverse-battery connection. A small rectifier diode can shield against reversed batteries. But that approach is generally unacceptable ...

The quest to achieve ever-lower operating voltage and lower power consumption levels in circuit design is a trend that has placed difficult challenges on electrical engineers as they run up against ...