This is a simple circuit named Polarity cum Continuity Tester. With the help of this circuit, we can also identify that whether the components we are using in our circuit are good or bad before ...

Various techniques—ranging from x-ray and optical inspection through functional electrical test—have emerged to shorten time to market and reduce test costs while maintaining thorough fault coverage.

For testing PCBs, test engineers have a variety of options ranging from venerable in-circuit testers and flying probers to functional testers and the latest in embedded-instrument technology.

What methods can be applied to verify PCB functionality and safety? Which are suitable for mass production and for prototypes? What parameters are checked in each test? How to check a PCB without ...