Beneath our feet, an invisible world of electron exchanges quietly drives the chemistry that sustains ecosystems, controls ...

Electrons flow underground in ways far more extensive than once believed, forming networks that link distant chemical zones. Minerals, organic molecules, and specialized bacteria can act as bridges, ...

Cell metabolism relies on redox reactions to harness energy for life. Cells need to sense and regulate their internal redox state, typically with cysteine thiols. At plastid origin, cysteine residue ...

In Jezero Crater’s Bright Angel formation, Perseverance has found rocks rich in organic molecules and minerals linked to ...