Cold soldering defects in a PV module. The problem has now become the most commonly found defect in pre-shipping module inspections. Image: CEA The electric grid is complex. For many generation ...

AI plays a role in improving defect capture rate and distinguishing between yield-killing and nuisance defects. New developments in wafer edge inspection are proving essential to bonded wafer yields.

The PV industry has been playing a game of ‘whack a mole’ in tackling module defects over the past decade. Image: Kiwa PI Berlin. Solar modules manufactured in countries such as the United States, ...