Conventional methods include using a linear regulator, a tapped auxiliary winding, or even adding an extra DC/DC switching converter to regulate the bias voltage. All of these methods will increase ...

By manipulating the switching frequency and turns ratios of the transformer, the circuit can have an arbitrary output voltage. In this case, it is designed to take 220V AC and convert it to 8V DC.

Smaller appliances like phones, laptops, and more use DC power by converting the AC from the power outlet. The phone and laptop chargers convert AC to DC in order to recharge the battery.