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  1. Harmonic Mean Return: How to Use It to Measure the Average Return

    Apr 8, 2025 · The harmonic mean return is a statistical measure that provides insights into the average rate of return over a period of time. It is particularly useful when dealing with …

  2. Harmonic Mean Explained: A Guide to Rates and Ratios

    Nov 26, 2024 · Discover how the harmonic mean handles rates and ratios in data science and finance. Learn its calculation methods and when to use it for more accurate analysis.

  3. What Is the Harmonic Mean? - Investopedia

    Jun 26, 2025 · The harmonic mean is a type of numerical average used in investing to average multiples like the price-to-earnings ratio. It treats each value in a series equally.

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  4. Why the Harmonic Mean is Best for Analyzing Financial Ratios

    Mar 20, 2025 · While many professionals default to the arithmetic mean (a simple average), a more accurate and meaningful metric for ratios is the harmonic mean. This article explains …

  5. Harmonic mean - Wikipedia

    In mathematics, the harmonic mean is a kind of average, one of the Pythagorean means. It is the most appropriate average for ratios and rates such as speeds, [1][2] and is normally only used …

  6. Harmonic Mean: The Right Average for Rates and Ratios

    Mar 27, 2024 · In finance, the harmonic mean proves invaluable when averaging ratios like price-to-earnings (P/E) ratios across a portfolio. If you’re analyzing three stocks with P/E ratios of …

  7. Mastering Average Return Measurements for CFA Level 1

    May 16, 2025 · Let’s start with most obvious: Arithmetic Mean. The arithmetic mean is the simple average of a set of returns. Mathematically, it’s the sum of all return values divided by the …

  8. Harmonic Mean - Formula, Definition, Examples, Applications

    Harmonic mean is a type of numerical average that is usually used in situations when the average rate or rate of change needs to be calculated. It is one of the three Pythagorean means. The …

  9. Harmonic Mean: What It Is and How To Calculate It - SuperMoney

    To determine the portfolio’s average return, investors can use the harmonic mean. This approach accounts for the impact of lower-performing assets and provides a more accurate estimate of …

  10. Understanding the Harmonic Mean: Definition, Calculation, …

    Dec 4, 2024 · In simple terms, the harmonic mean measures the average rate at which a quantity is changing over time by dividing the total number of observations by the sum of reciprocals of …

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    • rates of return
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